Kidney stone removal treats stones that are too large to pass naturally or that cause significant pain, blockage, or infection. Depending on stone size and location, surgeons use ureteroscopy (URSL) or percutaneous nephrolithotomy (PCNL), both minimally invasive techniques that break up and remove stones without large incisions.
Stone removal is generally recommended when stones are too large to pass naturally, cause persistent pain, block urine flow, or lead to infection. Imaging studies help determine stone size, location, and the best treatment approach.