What is cervical cancer?
Cervical cancer develops in the cells of the cervix, usually after persistent high-risk HPV infection. It is highly treatable when found early through screening, and advanced care may include surgery, chemoradiation, and systemic therapy.
Causes
Persistent infection with high-risk human papillomavirus (HPV) is the main cause. Smoking, long-term oral contraceptives, multiple pregnancies, and weakened immunity can increase risk after HPV exposure.
Risk factors
HPV infection, limited screening access, smoking, HIV or immunosuppression, early sexual activity, and multiple partners increase risk.
Importance of early diagnosis
Precancer and early-stage disease can often be cured with local treatment. Screening and prompt evaluation of abnormal bleeding save lives and shorten treatment journeys.