What is breast cancer?
Breast cancer begins when cells in the breast grow uncontrollably, most often forming a lump or tumour. It may stay local or spread to lymph nodes and other organs. International patients commonly travel for surgery, systemic therapy, radiation, and reconstruction under one coordinated plan.
Causes
Most cases are not linked to a single cause. Changes in breast cell DNA can be driven by ageing, hormones, inherited gene variants (such as BRCA), prior radiation, and lifestyle factors. Many patients have no clear family history.
Risk factors
Risk rises with age, dense breast tissue, early periods or late menopause, hormone therapy, obesity, alcohol use, and a first-degree relative with breast or ovarian cancer. Being a woman is the strongest baseline risk factor.
Importance of early diagnosis
Early diagnosis often allows breast-conserving surgery, shorter treatment, and better long-term outcomes. Prompt imaging and biopsy after a new lump or imaging finding can change the entire care pathway.